{"id":7082,"date":"2018-08-02T00:53:21","date_gmt":"2018-08-01T21:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2018\/08\/02\/olumcul-hastalik-umutsuzluk-soren-kierkegaard\/"},"modified":"2024-04-27T13:13:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T10:13:51","slug":"olumcul-hastalik-umutsuzluk-soren-kierkegaard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2018\/08\/02\/olumcul-hastalik-umutsuzluk-soren-kierkegaard\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl Hastal\u0131k Umutsuzluk | Soren Kierkegaard"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"“\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6zel bir anlamda ele al\u0131n\u00admal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu, sonu \u00f6l\u00fcm olan bir hastal\u0131k demektir ve b\u00f6ylece \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7an bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fanlaml\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ama umutsuzlu\u011fu bu anlamda ele almak hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6z konusu olamaz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u0131ris\u00adtiyan i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm bile ya\u015fama bir ge\u00e7i\u015f yoludur. B\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir bedensel hastal\u0131k onun i\u00e7in “\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k” de\u011fildir. \u00d6l\u00fcm, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sona erdirir, ama kendi i\u00e7inde bir son de\u011fildir. Ama “\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k”, dar anlamda kendisinden sonra hi\u00e7bir \u015fey b\u0131rakmadan \u00f6l\u00fcme varan bir hastal\u0131k demektir. Ve umutsuzluk budur.<\/p>\n

Ama di\u011fer bir anlamda, daha kat\u0131 olarak umutsuzluk “\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k”t\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir anlat\u0131mla bu hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden veya bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bedensel \u00f6l\u00fcmle sona ermesinden \u00e7ok, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015fkencesi, ter\u00adsine, can \u00e7eki\u015fmede oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6l\u00fcmle sava\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011f\u00admen ki\u015finin gene de \u00f6lememesinden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 \u00f6lesiye hasta olmak, \u00f6lememektir! ama burada ya\u00ad\u015fam umudu yok etmektedir ve umutsuzluk son umudun eksikli\u011fidir, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn eksikli\u011fidir. \u00d6l\u00fcm en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, ya\u015famdan bir\u015feyler beklenir, ama di\u011fer tehlikenin sonsuzlu\u011fu ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi zaman, \u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in umut beslenir. Ve \u00f6l\u00fcm umut oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece tehlike b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman, umutsuzluk \u00f6lememenin neden oldu\u011fu umutsuz\u00adluktur.<\/p>\n

Bu kesin tan\u0131m i\u00e7inde umutsuzluk “\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k’t\u0131r, \u00e7eli\u015fkili i\u015fkencedir, ben’in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: Sonsuza de\u011fin \u00f6lmek, \u00f6lmemekle birlikte \u00f6lmek, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6lmek de\u00admektir bu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6lmek, her \u015feyin bitmesi anlam\u0131na gelir; ama \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6lmek, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015famak demektir; ve bunu tek bir an ya\u015famak, onu sonsuza kadar ya\u015famak demek\u00adtir. Bir hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6lme gibi umutsuzluktan \u00f6l\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u00fccutta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7imizde olu\u015fmas\u0131, ben’deki ebed\u00eeli\u011fin \u00f6lmesi gerekir. Bu sadece bir kuruntu\u00addur.<\/p>\n

Umutsuzluktaki \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u00fcrekli ya\u015fama d\u00f6ner. Umut\u00adsuz olan \u00f6lemez; “d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in bir han\u00e7erin hi\u00e7bir de\u011ferinin olmamas\u0131” gibi, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz solucan, s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez ate\u015f olan umutsuzluk hi\u00e7bir zaman kendi daya\u00adna\u011f\u0131 olan ben’in sonsuzlu\u011funu yok edemez. Ama kendinin yok edili\u015fi olan umutsuzluk g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fcr ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015famaz. \u00d6z istenci, kendini yok etmektir, ama bu tam da yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feydir ve hatt\u00e2 bu g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck, i\u00e7inde umutsuzlu\u011fun ben’in yok edilmesine y\u00f6nelik amac\u0131n\u0131 ikinci kez ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememesidir; aksine bu, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, hatt\u00e2 bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n yasas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu, umut\u00adsuzlu\u011fun asidi, kangrendir, ucu i\u00e7eriye d\u00f6nen bu i\u015fkence bizi her zaman daha derin olan g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz bir kendini yok etmenin i\u00e7ine bat\u0131r\u0131r. Umutsuzu avutmaktan \u00e7ok uzakta, umutsuzlu\u011fu yok etmedeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, aksine kinini \u015fid\u00addetlendiren bir i\u015fkencedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015f,’) umutsuzlu\u011fu s\u00fcrekli \u015fimdide biriktirerek b\u00f6ylece ne kendinden kurtu- labildi\u011fi ve ne de kendini yok edebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Umutsuzlu\u011fun birikiminin form\u00fcl\u00fc budur ve ben’in bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki ate\u015fin f\u0131rlamas\u0131 buradan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen insan\u0131n bir umutsuzluk konusu vard\u0131r, buna yaln\u0131zca bir an inan\u0131l\u0131r daha fazla de\u011fil; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hemen ger\u00e7ek umutsuzluk, umutsuzlu\u011fun ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bir \u015feyden dolay\u0131 umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fer\u00adken asl\u0131nda insan kendi i\u00e7in umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmektedir ve \u015fimdi kendi ben’inden kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece “Sezar veya hi\u00e7 olurum” diyen tutkulu ki\u015fi Sezar olamaz ve bundan dolay\u0131 umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fer. Ama bunun ba\u015fka bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r, Sezar h\u00e2line gelemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kendi ol\u00admaya katlanamaz. O h\u00e2lde, asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde Sezar olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ben Sezar olamamaktan dolay\u0131 umut\u00adsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fer. T\u00fcm ne\u015fesini, bir o denli umutsuz olan t\u00fcm ne\u015fesini ba\u015fka bir bi\u00e7imde olu\u015fturabilen bu ayn\u0131 ben i\u00e7in Sezar olamamak, i\u015fte bu durumda katlan\u0131lmas\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7 \u015feydir. Daha yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, onun i\u00e7in dayan\u0131lmaz olan, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde Sezar olmamak de\u011fildir; hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde dayanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi ben’inden kurtulamamas\u0131d\u0131r. Sezar olsayd\u0131, bunu yapabilirdi; ama Sezar olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re umutsuz ki\u015fimiz ben’inden kurtulamaz. \u00d6z\u00fcnde umut\u00adsuzlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc benli\u011fine sahip de\u011fildir, kendi de\u011fildir. Sezar olarak kendi olamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek\u00adtir, ama kendi ben’inden kurtulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r; Sezar olamay\u0131p ben’inden kurtulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00admektedir. O h\u00e2lde, umutsuz bir ki\u015finin kendi ben’ini yok etmesinin onun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir ceza oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek y\u00fc\u00adzeysel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu, umutsuzun umut\u00adsuzlu\u011funun, i\u015fkencesinin tam da yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feydir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc umutsuzluk boyun e\u011fmeyen, yok edilemeyen bir \u015feyi, ben’i ate\u015fe vermektedir.<\/p>\n

O h\u00e2lde bir \u015feyden umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmek, h\u00e2l\u00e2 ger\u00e7ek umutsuzluk de\u011fildir, sadece ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r, doktorlar\u0131n bir hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledikleri gibi umutsuzluk kulu\u00e7kaya yat\u00admaktad\u0131r. Daha sonra umutsuzluk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar: Kendin\u00adden umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6lm\u00fc\u015f veya \u015f\u0131psevdi olan dostunu kaybetmekten dolay\u0131 a\u015fkta umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131za bak\u0131n\u0131z. Bu kaybedi\u015f ger\u00e7ek umutsuzluk de\u011fildir, kendi kendinden umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015f\u00adkas\u0131na ait h\u00e2le gelseydi en ho\u015f \u015fekilde kaybetmi\u015f ve kur\u00adtulmu\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 bu ben, bu durumda can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u015fkas\u0131 olmadan bir ben’e sahip olmak zorun\u00addad\u0131r. Kendisrisln bir hazine olabilecek -di\u011fer taraftan bu da ba\u015fka bir umutsuzluk anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r- bu ben, di\u011feri \u00f6l\u00add\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman dayan\u0131lmaz bir bo\u015fluk olacakt\u0131r veya terk edili\u015fini an\u0131msatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tiksinti nedeni olacakt\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde ona “k\u0131z\u0131m kendi kendini t\u00fcketiyorsun” demeye \u00e7al\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131n; onun \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verdi\u011fini g\u00f6receksiniz: “Ah! Hay\u0131r, ac\u0131m tam da kendimi t\u00fcketmeyi ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan do\u00adlay\u0131”.<\/p>\n

Kendinden umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmek, umutsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131l\u0131p kendinden kurtulmay\u0131 istemek, i\u015fte her umutsuzlu\u011fun form\u00fcl\u00fc ve \u0130kincisi: Umutsuz olmay\u0131, kendi olmay\u0131 iste\u00admek, daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fimiz gibi kendi olman\u0131n’ reddedildi\u011fi umutsuzlu\u011fu, kendi olman\u0131n istendi\u011fi umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek demektir. Umutsuz\u00adlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen, umutsuzlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde kendisi olmay\u0131 istemekte\u00addir. O h\u00e2lde kendi kendisinden kurtulmay\u0131 istemiyor mu? G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde hay\u0131r, ama daha yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her zaman ayn\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkiye rastlan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu umutsuz ki\u015finin ol\u00admak istedi\u011fi ben, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ben’dir (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7ekten oldu\u011fu ben’i sahiplenmek, umutsuzlu\u011fun tam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r); asl\u0131nda istedi\u011fi, ben’i yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rmak\u00adt\u0131r. Ama burada umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen ba\u015far\u0131\u00ads\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fran\u0131r ve umutsuzlu\u011fun t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bu Yarat\u0131c\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olarak kal\u0131r, ki\u015fiyi olmak istemedi\u011fi ben olmaya zorlar. Ama bunu yaparken, insan her zaman kendi yarat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir benli\u011fi h\u00e2line gelmek i\u00e7in kendi ben’inden, sahip oldu\u011fu ben’inden kurtulmay\u0131 ister. Ol\u00admak istedi\u011fi ‘ben’e kavu\u015fmak, t\u00fcm zevkleri tatmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flard\u0131 -bu durumun da ba\u015fka bir anlamda ayn\u0131 dere\u00adcede umutsuz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen-; ama olmak istemedi\u011fi bu “ben”i olmak zorunda kalan bu kendi, onun i\u015fkence\u00adsidir: Kendinden kurtulamaman\u0131n i\u015fkencesi.<\/p>\n

Sokrates, ruhun \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ruhun hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (g\u00fcnah\u0131n) ruhu yok etmedeki g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle kan\u0131tl\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, insan\u0131n sonsuzlu\u011fu, umutsuzlu\u011fun ben’i yok etme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle, umutsuzlu\u011fun bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z \u00e7eli\u015fki\u00adsiyle kan\u0131tlanabilir. \u0130\u00e7imizde sonsuzluk olmadan umut\u00adsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015femeyiz; ama e\u011fer umutsuzluk ben’i yok edebilseydi o zaman umutsuzluk da olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ben’in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan umutsuzluk, “\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k” budur. Umutsuz ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hastad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka herhangi bir hastal\u0131ktan daha fazla olarak, bu hastal\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en sayg\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne sald\u0131r\u0131r; ama insan bu y\u00fczden \u00f6lemez. Bu\u00adrada \u00f6l\u00fcm, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonu de\u011fildir, bitmeyen bir sondur. Bu hastal\u0131ktan kurtulmam\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm bile sa\u011flayamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc buradaki ac\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte olan hastal\u0131k ve… \u00f6l\u00fcm, \u00f6lememektir.<\/p>\n

Umutsuzlu\u011fun durumu budur. Ve umutsuz ki\u015finin bundan ku\u015fku duymamas\u0131 bo\u015funad\u0131r, bo\u015funa ben’ini kay\u00adbetmeye ve ondan hi\u00e7bir iz kalmamacas\u0131na onu kaybet\u00admeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r: Bununla birlikte, sonsuzluk umutsuzlu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacak ve kendi ben’ine \u00e7ivileyecektir; b\u00f6ylece i\u015fkence her zaman kendinden kurtulamaman\u0131n sonucu olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve insan b\u00f6ylece kendi ben’inden kur\u00adtulman\u0131n bir ham hay\u00e2l oldu\u011funu anlar. Ve bu kesinli\u011fe neden \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z? De\u011fil mi ki bu ben hem sahip oldu\u00ad\u011fumuz hem kendisi oldu\u011fumuz varl\u0131kt\u0131r, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n insana bah\u015fetti\u011fi bir \u00f6d\u00fcn, \u00fcstelik insana olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ileri gelen \u00f6d\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ben, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, Sonsuzluk’un insana tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonsuz, y\u00fcce bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131kt\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 za\u00admanda insan \u00fczerindeki inanc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl Hastal\u0131k Umutsuzluk | Soren Kierkegaard<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7eviri: Mukadder Yakupo\u011flu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6zel bir anlamda ele al\u0131n\u00admal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu, sonu \u00f6l\u00fcm olan bir hastal\u0131k demektir ve b\u00f6ylece \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7an bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fanlaml\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ama umutsuzlu\u011fu bu anlamda ele almak hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6z konusu olamaz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u0131ris\u00adtiyan i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm bile ya\u015fama bir ge\u00e7i\u015f yoludur. B\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir bedensel hastal\u0131k onun i\u00e7in “\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7082","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\n\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl Hastal\u0131k Umutsuzluk | Soren Kierkegaard - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2018\/08\/02\/olumcul-hastalik-umutsuzluk-soren-kierkegaard\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl Hastal\u0131k Umutsuzluk | Soren Kierkegaard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"“\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6zel bir anlamda ele al\u0131n\u00admal\u0131d\u0131r. 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