{"id":721,"date":"2009-04-26T18:00:57","date_gmt":"2009-04-26T15:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/"},"modified":"2009-04-26T18:00:57","modified_gmt":"2009-04-26T15:00:57","slug":"estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/","title":{"rendered":"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss"},"content":{"rendered":"
Sanat imgeler yoluyla ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin yeniden \u00fcretilmesi, yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Marks\u00e7\u0131 esteti\u011fin temel savlar\u0131ndan biridir bu. Sanat\u0131n imgelerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yolu olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, sanatsal yarat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermez elbette, ama bir ana niteli\u011fini ortaya koyar ve \u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00e2 temellerine iner. \u0130mgedeki \u00f6z\u00fcn ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, temel \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka sorunun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yard\u0131m eder. Bu sorun, sanat\u0131n toplum ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki yeri ve rol\u00fc sorunudur.<\/p>\n

Sanatsal imge anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temelinde Marks\u00e7\u0131 bilgi kuram\u0131 yatar. \u0130mgenin ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klarken yans\u0131ma kuram\u0131na dayan\u0131r\u0131z. Buna g\u00f6re, insan bilinci \u00e7evresel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin bir imgesidir, nesnel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6znel bir tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Yans\u0131ma kuram\u0131, genelde insan bilgisinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasalar\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, sanatta ger\u00e7e\u011fin tasar\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zg\u00fcl nitelikleri de ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, imgenin felsefi yorumunun estetik anlam\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmekten de ka\u00e7\u0131nmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, maddeci ve diyalektik bilgi kuram\u0131, \u201cimge\u201d terimini geni\u015f bir bilgi \u00f6\u011fretisi anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131r. Yans\u0131ma kuram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan imge, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin bir kopyas\u0131na, bir \u00e7e\u015fit tinsel kli\u015fesine benzetilebilir. Filozof i\u00e7in imge, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u00e7evredeki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ansal (z\u0131hn\u00ee) yans\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bilgi \u00f6\u011fretisi (gnos\u00e9logie) ruhsal ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u0131\u015fa vuru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 (duyumlar\u0131, alg\u0131lar\u0131, tasar\u0131lar\u0131 vb.) imge olarak niteler. Bu y\u00fczden, ger\u00e7e\u011fin yans\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir bi\u00e7imi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, sanatsal imgelere \u201cnesnel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6znel tasar\u0131m\u0131” bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6zetlenen genel felsef\u00ee form\u00fcl -hakl\u0131 olarak- uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki bu tan\u0131m, sanatsal imge kuram\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kalk\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olmaktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7mez. \u0130mge kavram\u0131n\u0131n estetik i\u00e7eri\u011fi, onun felsef\u00ee yan\u0131yla da ilgilidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcl\u00fcn evrenselle ilgili olmas\u0131 gibi. Daha kesin konu\u015fmak gerekirse, sanatta imge, bilgi kuram\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kavram olmaktan \u00e7ok, estetik bir kategoridir. Ger\u00e7ekte s\u00f6z konusu olan, imgelere dayal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin salt t\u00fcrevsel niteli\u011fi de\u011fildir burada; onu kavramsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden ay\u0131rt eden \u015feydir, sanatta ger\u00e7e\u011fin yans\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Estetik, felsefenin tersine, sanatsal imgeyi bilincin \u00f6teki kategorilerine (kavram, yarg\u0131 vb.) yakla\u015ft\u0131ran \u015feyi ayd\u0131nlatmakla kalmaz, onlardan ayr\u0131mla\u015ft\u0131ran \u015feyi de g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Sanatsal imge, konu\u015fma dilindeki al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelen anlam\u0131yla da \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmemelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, sanattaki imgeler dizgesinin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6\u011feleriyle, y\u00f6ntemleriyle ve onun anlat\u0131msal, de\u011fi\u015fmeceli ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla da bir tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ara\u00e7lardan e\u011fretilemenin apayr\u0131 bir yeri olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7o\u011fu kez imge olarak nitelenir. Oysa, bu iki kavram hi\u00e7 de \u00f6zde\u015f de\u011fildir. E\u011fretileme, \u015fiir dilinde bir de\u011fi\u015fmecedir, en geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla yerinel ve de\u011fi\u015fmeceli dilin ba\u015f vurdu\u011fu bir y\u00f6ntemdir, ama imgenin kendisi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde, \u201cimge\u201d deyince \u00e7o\u011funlukla de\u011fi\u015fmeceli anlam\u0131 olan bir deyi\u015f anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cG\u00fcn do\u011fuyor\u201d, \u201cBir y\u0131ld\u0131z akt\u0131\u201d gibi en beylik deyimler bile, ku\u015fkusuz, imgesel bir \u00f6\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131rlar. \u201cRuhumda tek bir ak sa\u00e7 yok\u201d dizesi ise tam bir e\u011fretilemeli imge olu\u015fturur. Fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn bu de\u011fi\u015fmeceli dinsel \u00f6rneklerin ger\u00e7ek anlamdaki sanatsal imgeden daha dar bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Terimbilim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan imge ile tasar\u0131m kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 iyi belirtilmelidir. \u0130mge, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde saptanm\u0131\u015f ve bunun sonucu olarak okur, dinleyici ya da seyirci taraf\u0131ndan alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olan ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin sanatsal \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, nesnel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel (ideal) tablosudur. Tasar\u0131m ise, sanatsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin nesnelle\u015fmesi, maddele\u015fmesidir; imgenin sanatsal gere\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi olarak belirir ve onun duyularla alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l ki, sanat bilimden ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe ili\u015fkin \u00f6b\u00fcr bilgi edinme bi\u00e7imlerinden yal\u0131tlanamazsa, bunun gibi, imgeyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce de bilincin \u00f6teki d\u0131\u015fa vuru\u015f bi\u00e7imleriyle kar\u015f\u0131tlanamaz. Ger\u00e7e\u011fi imgelerle yans\u0131tma yetisi insan bilincinin \u00f6zelden ge\u00e7erek t\u00fcmeli de\u011ferlendirme, bireyselden genele varma, somut olaylarda genel yasalar\u0131 bulgulama yetisinden ayr\u0131lamaz. Yarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u015funa dayan\u0131r: Ya\u015famda her genellik \u015fu ya da bu yolla \u00f6zelde ele ge\u00e7irilir ve bireysel her zaman genelin bir \u00f6\u011fesini ba\u011fr\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sanatsal imge ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe ili\u015fkin yans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir bi\u00e7imi oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, olu\u015fu ve \u00f6z\u00fc de bilginin genel kurallar\u0131na uyar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7ok \u00f6zg\u00fcl olan niteliklerinden bir \u015fey yitirmez yine de.<\/p>\n

Burada yine yans\u0131ma kuram\u0131na d\u00f6nmemiz gerekiyor. Nesnel d\u00fcnya \u00fcst\u00fcne bilgi edinme s\u00fcreci etkin g\u00f6zlemlemeden soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye, oradan da prati\u011fe do\u011fru ilerler. Bu sav, bilimsel ve kuramsal bilgi edinme i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin sanatsal \u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Gelgelelim, bunlardan birincisinde, \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7erek enikonu \u00f6zerk bir bi\u00e7imde hakikate var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan genelle\u015ftirmeler her t\u00fcrl\u00fc “duyusal neden”den uzak oldu\u011fu halde, sanatsal imge etkin g\u00f6zlemlemeye ve soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye \u00f6zg\u00fc bilgi \u00f6\u011felerini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez bir birlik i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterir. Bu arada sanatsal imge her ikisinden de \u00f6z\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt edilir.<\/p>\n

Sanatsal imge bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kategorilerinden (kavram, yarg\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m vb.) dolay\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ayr\u0131mla\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, duyum, alg\u0131, tasar\u0131m gibi g\u00f6zlemleme kategorisinden de \u015fu noktada ayr\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir: Sanatsal imge ger\u00e7e\u011fin dolay\u0131ms\u0131z yans\u0131s\u0131 olmaktan ba\u015fka, ya\u015famla ilgili olaylar\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir bire\u015fimi olmay\u0131 da ama\u00e7lar. S\u00f6z konusu olaylar\u0131n \u00f6zlerine girer ve derindeki anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczene koyar. \u0130mge hem g\u00f6zlemden, hem de soyutlamadan kaynaklan\u0131r, ama onlar\u0131 mekanik bir bi\u00e7imde birle\u015ftirmeye gitmez. Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kesinkes bir sanatsal genelleme de\u011feri kazan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme, bire\u015fim ve soyutlama \u00e7ok \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir bi\u00e7imde onda kendini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Demek ki burada \u015funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: Sanatsal imge etkin g\u00f6zlemleme ile soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6zelliklerini birle\u015ftirir, ama bilgi edinmenin bu basamaklar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7biriyle kar\u0131\u015fmaz. Sanatta imge, ger\u00e7ek bir g\u00f6r\u00fcng\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u011flaml\u0131 ve tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131t\u0131n izle\u011fi ile uygunluk i\u00e7inde, estetik y\u00f6nden anlam aktaran, duyulur ve somut bir bi\u00e7imdeki belirgin niteli\u011fidir.(2)<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7i \u201cba\u011flaml\u0131 ve tamamlanm\u0131\u015f\u201ddiyoruz, ama klasik sanatta (s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi Mikel Angelo\u2019nun \u201cBa\u015fkald\u0131ran K\u00f6le\u201dsinde), daha \u00e7ok da modern sanatta dolay\u0131ms\u0131z anlat\u0131mlar\u0131nda tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f imgeler ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7ok say\u0131da yap\u0131t bulundu\u011funu da unutmu\u015f de\u011filiz. Kimi estetik\u00e7iler yap\u0131tlardaki bu tamamlanmam\u0131\u015fl\u0131kta modern sanat\u0131n bir \u00f6zel belirtisini g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Asl\u0131nda bu sanat okura ya da seyirciye kendisinin bir yan\u0131t bulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve imgeleminde daha tamamlanm\u0131\u015f bir tablo yaratmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir \u00e7o\u011funlukla. \u00d6neri durumunda iken de, tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f yap\u0131tlarda da, sanatsal imgelerin estetik d\u00fczlemde ya\u015fam\u0131n ba\u011flaml\u0131 ve tamamlanm\u0131\u015f bir tasar\u0131m\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelerinin nedeni de i\u015fte budur. \u00d6nemli olan, bunlar\u0131n dile getirili\u015finde izlenen y\u00f6ntemler ile bu bi\u00e7imde dile gelen imgenin, yap\u0131t\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nca ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir yorumlama gerektirdi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, ya\u015fam\u0131n sanatta yaln\u0131zca imgeler bi\u00e7iminde yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir mi? \u0130mgelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sanat mant\u0131ksal kavramlara ba\u015fvurarak onlar\u0131 belli bir yolla imgelerin yerine ge\u00e7iremez mi? Bu son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunmak i\u00e7in genellikle \u00fc\u00e7 kan\u0131t ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor: 1) Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zelli\u011fi sanatla bilimin bire\u015fimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. (Bunlardan birincisi imgeleri kullan\u0131r, ikincisi ise kavramlar\u0131.) 2) Sanatta kavramlara ba\u015fvurman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olmak, sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme olana\u011f\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rakmak demektir. 3) Nice yap\u0131t g\u00f6sterilebilir ki imgelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kavramlara da do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu kan\u0131tlar da bize pek sa\u011flam g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak, \u015funu s\u00f6yleyelim: Sanatla bilimin bire\u015fimi, bunlardan hi\u00e7birinin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dokunmaz. \u0130kisinin birbirine yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n bilgisel i\u00e7eriklerinden kaynaklanarak olu\u015fur ve bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7iminin \u00f6tekinden eriyip yok olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maz. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini daha iyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak ve onlar\u0131 daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde sergilemek amac\u0131yla bilginlerin s\u0131k s\u0131k imgelerden yararland\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011frudur; ama bundan kavramlar\u0131n yerine imgelerin ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olursa, bu, bilginlerin kendi yeteneksizliklerinin ve soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fcklerinin bir belirtisidir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bazan, kimi sanatlarda, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi yaz\u0131n alan\u0131nda imgeler kavramsal bir belginlik kazan\u0131rlar ya da kavramlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011feleri gibi kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00d6yleyken, bu kavramlar orada \u00f6zerk\u00e7e geli\u015fmemi\u015flerdir. Kavramlar imgelerin yerini alamaz; e\u011fer b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olursa, bu, yazar\u0131n yetenek\u00e7e zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya da sanat\u00e7a ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtisidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci olarak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden yoksunluk sanat\u0131n belirgin niteli\u011fi de\u011fildir. Tersine, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, onun temel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcng\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 durmadan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, ama bu, imgelerle yap\u0131lan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedir; kavramsal bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme de\u011fildir. Elbette, sanat\u00e7\u0131da kavramlardan yararlan\u0131r, ama yarat\u0131c\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6n\u00fcnde sonunda hi\u00e7 \u015fa\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n imgeye var\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, imgelerin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yans\u0131tan kavramsal ara\u00e7lara yerini b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131tlar sanatsal d\u00fczlemde zay\u0131f ve baya\u011f\u0131 olur. Se\u00e7kin Sovyet ruhbilimcisi R. Rubinstein bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cBir yazar yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n izledi\u011fi soyut form\u00fcllerle anlatmak zorunlulu\u011funda kal\u0131r da, ideolojik i\u00e7erik, imgelerin yan\u0131nda silik \u00e7\u0131karsa ve bu imgeler yeterince anlaml\u0131 ve uygun bir bi\u00e7imde onu dile getirmeyi ba\u015faramazlarsa, yap\u0131t\u0131n sanatsal de\u011feri yok olur.”<\/p>\n

imgeler ile kavramlar\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 basit bir \u00f6\u011fretici a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ve s\u00f6z ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar, yap\u0131t\u0131n ideolojik ve duygusal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, sanat, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi her zaman imgelerle yans\u0131t\u0131r, hem de yaln\u0131zca imgelerle.<\/p>\n

Onun i\u00e7in Biyelinski a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yazarken hakl\u0131yd\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cYarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcyle; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri imgelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme, imgeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, uslamlama ve duyma yetene\u011fiyle donanmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi, zekas\u0131 ne denli keskin ve duyular\u0131 ne denli olgun, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ne denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa olsun; tarihsel deneyi ve kafaca yenili\u011fi ne denli zengin olursa olsun, asla ozan olamaz b\u00f6ylesi.\u201d<\/p>\n

NOTLAR
(1) Avner Ziss, Elements d\u2019esth\u00e9tique marxiste, 1977, s. 66-71
(2) Imge deyince, sanat kuram\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ger\u00e7ekle ilgili yans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir bi\u00e7imini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu yans\u0131n\u0131n somut maddi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc de anlar. Ya\u015famla ilgili bir resmi, \u015fu ya da bu oyun ki\u015fisini ya da roman karakterini, giderek t\u00fcm yap\u0131t\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00d6yleyse, bir roman\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u015eolohov\u2019un \u201cDurgun Akard\u0131 Don\u201dundaki Grigori Melekov ya da Hemingway\u2019in \u201c\u00c7anlar Kimin \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7al\u0131yor\u201d undaki Robert Jordan) yahut bir sahne oyuncusunun ortaya koydu\u011fu rol (s\u00f6zgelimi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130talyan sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tomasso Salvini\u2019nin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Otello) imge olarak nitelenebilir. Boticelli\u2019nin \u201cMadonnalar\u201d\u0131ndaki di\u015filikten ya da Picasso\u2019nun \u201cGuernica\u201ds\u0131ndaki fa\u015fist barbarl\u0131ktan ve ya\u015fam d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan imge olarak s\u00f6z edilebilir. Estetik bilimi, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen \u00f6rneklerde belirtildi\u011fi gibi, her imgenin somut i\u00e7eri\u011fini incelemeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez; fakat, ya\u015fam olaylar\u0131n\u0131n sanatsal bire\u015fim bi\u00e7imi olarak imgenin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mart-Nisan 1982, \u00c7ev: Yakup \u015eahan<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sanat imgeler yoluyla ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin yeniden \u00fcretilmesi, yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Marks\u00e7\u0131 esteti\u011fin temel savlar\u0131ndan biridir bu. Sanat\u0131n imgelerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yolu olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, sanatsal yarat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermez elbette, ama bir ana niteli\u011fini ortaya koyar ve \u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00e2 temellerine iner. \u0130mgedeki \u00f6z\u00fcn ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, temel \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka sorunun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-estetik"],"yoast_head":"\nEsteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sanat imgeler yoluyla ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin yeniden \u00fcretilmesi, yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Marks\u00e7\u0131 esteti\u011fin temel savlar\u0131ndan biridir bu. Sanat\u0131n imgelerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yolu olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, sanatsal yarat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermez elbette, ama bir ana niteli\u011fini ortaya koyar ve \u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00e2 temellerine iner. \u0130mgedeki \u00f6z\u00fcn ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, temel \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka sorunun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-04-26T15:00:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-04-26T15:00:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\"},\"wordCount\":2059,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Estetik\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\",\"name\":\"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss - narteks.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-04-26T15:00:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"description\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"narteks.net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/narteks\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\",\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tar\u0131k\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/narteks.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss - narteks.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss","og_description":"Sanat imgeler yoluyla ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin yeniden \u00fcretilmesi, yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Marks\u00e7\u0131 esteti\u011fin temel savlar\u0131ndan biridir bu. Sanat\u0131n imgelerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yolu olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, sanatsal yarat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermez elbette, ama bir ana niteli\u011fini ortaya koyar ve \u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00e2 temellerine iner. \u0130mgedeki \u00f6z\u00fcn ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, temel \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka sorunun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2009-04-26T15:00:57+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"10 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss","datePublished":"2009-04-26T15:00:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/"},"wordCount":2059,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg","articleSection":["Estetik"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/","name":"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss - narteks.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg","datePublished":"2009-04-26T15:00:57+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/images.gittigidiyor.com\/828\/AVNER-ZISS-ESTETIK__8283382_0.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/04\/26\/estetigin-temel-kategorisi-imge-avner-ziss\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Esteti\u011fin Temel Kategorisi: \u0130mge | Avner Ziss"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","name":"narteks.net","description":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"alternateName":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization","name":"narteks.net","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","width":300,"height":90,"caption":"narteks.net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/narteks","https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca","name":"Tar\u0131k","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tar\u0131k"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/narteks.net"],"url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}