{"id":730,"date":"2010-01-19T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-01-18T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/01\/19\/sumer-dini-efsanelerinden-tek-tanrili-dinler-ve-din-kitaplarina-gelen-etkiler-milmiye-cig\/"},"modified":"2010-01-19T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-01-18T22:00:00","slug":"sumer-dini-efsanelerinden-tek-tanrili-dinler-ve-din-kitaplarina-gelen-etkiler-milmiye-cig","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/19\/sumer-dini-efsanelerinden-tek-tanrili-dinler-ve-din-kitaplarina-gelen-etkiler-milmiye-cig\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcmer dini efsanelerinden tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler ve din kitaplar\u0131na gelen etkiler | M.\u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/ufoloji.net\/sites\/default\/files\/user_uploads\/3184\/sumerler.jpg?1271160058\")
Bu geni\u015f konuyu k\u0131sa s\u00fcreye s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmak olanaks\u0131z. Elden geldi\u011fince \u00f6zetleyerek genel bir bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.Kimdi bu S\u00fcmerliler? Ne yapm\u0131\u015flar? Kendilerinden y\u00fczlerce sene sonra gelenleri nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015flerdir?S\u00fcmerliler bundan hemen hemen 6000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Mezopotamya\u2019ya gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015fler ve orada izleri zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar ula\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015fu tekerlek ve dillerine g\u00f6re bir yaz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131 ilk olarak resim \u015feklinde ta\u015flar \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Daha sonra Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehirlerinin getirdi\u011fi bol kil \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Bu y\u00fczden yaz\u0131 \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirerek i\u015faretleri olu\u015fturan \u00e7izgiler \u00e7iviye benzemi\u015f, (Bunun i\u00e7in \u015fimdi \u201c \u00e7iviyaz\u0131s\u0131 \u201d deniyor) kelimeler de k\u0131smen hece olmu\u015f. B\u00f6ylece hem kendileri istediklerini yazabilmi\u015fler, hem de Ortado\u011fu milletleri olan Babilliler, Asurlular, Hurriler, Hititler, Urartular\u0131n da kendi dillerini yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ugarit ve Persler de bu yaz\u0131dan harf yaz\u0131s\u0131 yaparak yararlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri gerek Mezopotamya\u2019da gerek Anadolu ve Suriye\u2019de yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda on binlerce \u00e7iviyaz\u0131l\u0131 tablet bulunmu\u015f, yaz\u0131lar okunmu\u015f, diller \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve tamam\u0131yla unutulmu\u015f, en az \u00fc\u00e7bin y\u0131ll\u0131k Ortado\u011fu milletlerinin tarihleri, dinleri, efsaneleri, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1)<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerin en \u00f6nemlileri S\u00fcmer Edebiyat\u0131 ve dinine ait olanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer Dini \u00e7ok Tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir dindi. Fakat inan\u00e7 ve dini i\u015flemlerde tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve yok edici g\u00fcc\u00fc, Tanr\u0131 korkusu, insanlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131, Tanr\u0131lara yaranmak i\u00e7in kurbanlar verilmesi, t\u00f6renler, dualar, t\u00fcts\u00fcler, ilahiler, \u00e7alg\u0131larla Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 sevindirmek, iyi ahlakl\u0131, sayg\u0131l\u0131 olmak ve temizlik, S\u00fcmer inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n temeli idi. Bunlar tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere ge\u00e7mi\u015f.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmerlilere g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131lar \u015fehirleri ve b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirip insanlara vermi\u015flerdir.
Ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi Kuran\u2019da da buluyoruz. Allah\u2019\u0131n insanlara elbiseler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Araf: 26), da\u011flara bar\u0131naklar, s\u0131caktan koruyacak elbiseler, sava\u015ftan koruyacak z\u0131rhlar (Nahl: 81) ve gemileri (Yasin: 82) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de Tanr\u0131lar \u201col\u201d deyince o \u015fey olur.
Yasin: 82\u2019de \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n yaratmak istedi\u011fine \u2018ol\u2019 demesi yeterlidir.\u201d denmektedir.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de Tanr\u0131lar istediklerini yok ederler. Ordular Tanr\u0131lar\u0131nd\u0131r.
Ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi Kuran\u2019da da (Enfal: 17) sava\u015fta insanlar\u0131n de\u011fil, Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, at\u0131lan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc silahlar\u0131n Allah taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131zarsa kendi \u00fclkelerini bile yak\u0131p y\u0131karlar.
Tevrat\u2019da, Yahve\u2019 (Yehova) n\u0131n insanlara k\u0131zarak onlara yok edici felaketler verdi\u011fi, kom\u015fu devletleri \u0130srail\u2019in \u00fczerine sald\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir.
Kuran\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok sure i\u00e7inde Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli milletleri nas\u0131l yok etti\u011fi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 kas\u0131rga, baz\u0131lar\u0131 dondurucu so\u011fuk ile ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f (Ankebut: 38, Furkan: 38, Hace: 44, Akkaf: 27, Muhammet: 13, Fussilet: 13.. bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131).<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6k y\u00fcz\u00fcnde Duku denilen topland\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri, k\u00fcrs\u00fcleri vard\u0131.
\u0130sraillilere g\u00f6re de Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6kte saray\u0131 ve etraf\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 var.
Kuran da 26 ayette Allah\u2019\u0131n Ar\u015f\u2019da, etraf\u0131nda melekler, cinlerden olu\u015fan bir toplulukta oturdu\u011fu yaz\u0131l\u0131. Ar\u015f\u2019da saray demek.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de Krallar yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n vekili say\u0131l\u0131yor.
\u0130slam\u2019da da halife Allah\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6lgesi, vekili idi.
Papa da \u00f6yle.
\u0130slam\u2019a giren kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmeleri S\u00fcmer mabed fahi\u015felerinin simgesiydi.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmerliler d\u00fcnyadaki olaylar\u0131n ve Tanr\u0131 isteklerinin y\u0131ld\u0131zlarda yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlard\u0131.
Burue: 17-18, Nemi: 75 ayetlerinde Kuran\u2019\u0131n ve di\u011fer olaylar\u0131n g\u00f6kte Levh-i Mahfuz\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bildiriliyor.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de sosyal adaleti koruyan Tanr\u0131\u00e7a senede bir kez insanlar\u0131, o y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lar. Bu inan\u0131\u015f \u0130slam\u2019a \u015eaban ay\u0131n\u0131n on be\u015findeki Beraat Kandili olarak girmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmerliler dini t\u00f6renlerini ay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re yaparlard\u0131. Tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerde de \u00f6yle.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de her \u015fahs\u0131n ve ailesinin kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir Tanr\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Onun g\u00f6revi onlar\u0131 korumak isteklerini b\u00fcy\u00fck Tanr\u0131lara iletmekti.
Kuran\u2019da (Kaf: 17-18) \u201c ..hi\u00e7 kimse yoktur ki, onun \u00fczerinde bir koruyucusu ve denetleyicisi bulunmas\u0131n \u201d denmektedir.<\/p>\n
Tevrat ve Kuran\u2019da bulunan evrenin, insan\u0131n yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, Havva\u2019n\u0131n Adem\u2019in kaburgas\u0131ndan var edili\u015fi, Habil Kain cinayeti, Cennet\u2019ten Kovulma, Tufan, Babil Kulesi, Tek Dil, Ey\u00fcp Peygamber, konular\u0131 hep S\u00fcmerlilerden gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bunlardan ba\u015fka Kuran\u2019daki Harut Marut Melekleri ile ilgili konu,<\/p>\n
Tevrat\u2019taki S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n \u201c \u015eark\u0131lar \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 \u201c b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (2),<\/p>\n
\u0130brahim Peygamber\u2019in kar\u0131s\u0131 Sara\u2019y\u0131 Firavun\u2019a sunma hikayesinin de S\u00fcmerlilerin bereket k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan Kutsal Evlenme T\u00f6renleri\u2019nden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 son y\u0131llarda anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. (3)<\/p>\n
Kuran\u2019da her konu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fczeysel \u00e7e\u015fitli surelerdeki ayetlere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve birbirlerine ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f: Her \u00fc\u00e7 dinde de evren b\u00fcy\u00fck bir su, Ondan bir da\u011f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dcst\u00fc g\u00f6k, alt\u0131 yer oluyor. \u0130nsan \u00e7amurdan Tanr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden yarat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130lk yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan \u201c Adam \u201c \u0131n anlam\u0131 da \u201c K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Toprak.\u201d Havva\u2019n\u0131n Adem\u2019in kaburgas\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Cennet\u2019ten kovulmalar\u0131 da bir S\u00fcmer efsanesinden geliyor:<\/p>\n
Kuran\u2019da Aden Bah\u00e7eleri olarak tan\u0131mlanan S\u00fcmer\u2019in Tanr\u0131lar Bah\u00e7esi Dilmun\u2019da, Yer Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 8 bitki yeti\u015ftiriyor. Bunlar\u0131n kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 yasak. Fakat Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 dayanamay\u0131p tatlar\u0131na bak\u0131yor. Buna \u00e7ok k\u0131zan Tanr\u0131\u00e7a, Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 lanetleyerek yok oluyor. Bunun \u00fczerine Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm derecesinde hastalan\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklardan sonra Tanr\u0131\u00e7a bulunarak Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131 iyi etmesi i\u00e7in ikna ediliyor.Tanr\u0131\u00e7a hasta olan 8 bitkiye kar\u015f\u0131 8 organ\u0131 i\u00e7in 8 Tanr\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131\u00e7a yarat\u0131yor.
Son olarak Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaburgas\u0131n\u0131 iyi edecek bir Tanr\u0131\u00e7a\u2019d\u0131r. Ad\u0131 da \u201c Kaburgan\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131 \u2018 anlam\u0131na gelen \u201c Ninti \u201c dir. Burada Nin – Han\u0131m, Ti ise Kaburga demektir, Ti \u2019 nin bir anlam\u0131 da \u201c Ya\u015fam \u201c d\u0131r. E\u011fer isme buna g\u00f6re anlam verirsek \u201c Ya\u015fam\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131 \u201c olur.<\/p>\n
Bu efsane Tevrat\u2019a ge\u00e7erken Tanr\u0131\u00e7a kaburgadan yarat\u0131lan kad\u0131n olmu\u015f, Kaburgan\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen ad yerine de Ya\u015fam\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen Havva ad\u0131 konmu\u015ftur. Burada Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Bah\u00e7esi, yani Cennet, yasak meyve, meyveyi yiyen erkek Tanr\u0131, kaburga ile ilgili kad\u0131n (Tanr\u0131\u00e7a) ve Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yasak meyve yiyip lanetlenmesi Tevrat hikayesine tamam\u0131yla uymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kuran\u2019da ne Havva\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131, ne de kaburgadan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131. Cennetten Tevrat\u2019taki gibi y\u0131lan de\u011fil, \u015feytan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor onlar\u0131. Yasak a\u011fac\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201c Sonsuzluk A\u011fac\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
Adem\u2019in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Habil Kain (\u0130slam\u2019da Kabil) Hikayesi:
Tevrat\u2019a g\u00f6re Habil koyun \u00e7oban\u0131, Kain \u00e7ift\u00e7i. \u0130kisi \u00fcz\u00fcmlerinden Tanr\u0131\u2019ya sunuyor. Tanr\u0131 Habil\u2019in getirdi\u011fini be\u011fendi\u011fi i\u00e7in karde\u015fi Kain onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Konu Kuran\u2019da Maide 27-31\u2019de, ne \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131, ne getirdikleri yaz\u0131l\u0131yor. Hadislerde de bol bol ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de hikaye \u015f\u00f6yle: \u00c7oban Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00c7ift\u00e7i Tanr\u0131s\u0131, A\u015fk Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 ile evlenmek isterler. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a, \u00c7oban Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve onun getirdi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ye\u011fler. \u00c7ift\u00e7i de aradan \u00e7\u0131kar. Buna paralel bir ba\u015fkas\u0131nda \u201c Yaz \u201c kendi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan tah\u0131l\u0131, \u201c K\u0131\u015f \u201c da hayvanlar\u0131ndan Tanr\u0131 Enlil\u2019e sunarlar. Tanr\u0131 \u201c K\u0131\u015f \u201c \u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc hayvan\u0131 kabul eder. Ya da buna raz\u0131 olur. Tevrat\u2019ta neden onlara cinayet yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f? Hele b\u00f6yle bir din kitab\u0131nda!<\/p>\n
Tufan: Tevrat – Tekvin Bab – 8:9 \u2018 da Tufan olay\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar bozulmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan Rab hepsini yok etmeye karar veriyor. Yaln\u0131z Rab\u2019a iman eden Nuh\u2019a Tufan yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tarif etti\u011fi gibi bir gemi yapmas\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7ine neler alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiriyor. Nuh s\u00f6yleneni yap\u0131yor. Tufan ba\u015fl\u0131yor, 40 g\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sular 150 g\u00fcnde \u00e7ekiliyor. Gemi Ararat da\u011f\u0131na oturuyor. Sular tamamiyle \u00e7ekildikten sonra Nuh gemiden \u00e7\u0131karak Rab\u2019a kurbanlar kesiyor, Nuh\u2019a 950 y\u0131l \u00f6m\u00fcr veriliyor. Rab\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na pi\u015fman oluyor.<\/p>\n
Kuran\u2019da bu olay 7 Sure i\u00e7inde 20 kadar Ayette de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde \u00e7ok y\u00fczeysel olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tufan ad\u0131 bir kez ge\u00e7iyor, geminin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, Tufan\u2019\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gemiden nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131, Nuh\u2019un neden 950 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n insanlara k\u0131zmas\u0131, olay\u0131n Nuh\u2019a bildirilmesi, g\u00f6kten, yerden sular\u0131n ta\u015fmas\u0131, gemimin bir da\u011fa yana\u015fmas\u0131, bir k\u0131s\u0131m insanlar\u0131n kurtulmas\u0131.. Tevrat ile paralel.<\/p>\n
1872 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Tufan hikayesinin yaln\u0131z Tevrat\u2019ta oldu\u011fu biliniyordu. Fakat Ninive\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Asurbanipal Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki bir \u00e7iviyaz\u0131l\u0131 tablet okununca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Gilgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bu hikayeyi, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arayan Gilgam\u0131\u015f\u2019a Nuh\u2019un Babilce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Utnapi\u015ftim anlatm\u0131\u015f. Buna g\u00f6re \u00e7o\u011falan insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden rahats\u0131z olan Tanr\u0131lar bir tufan yapmaya karar veriyorlar. Fakat Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 gizlice bir duvar arkas\u0131ndan Utnapi\u015ftim\u2019e durumu bildiriyor. Gemi 7 g\u00fcnde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7ine Utnapi\u015ftim akrabalar\u0131n\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvanlar\u0131 dolduruyor. Tufan ba\u015fl\u0131yor. 6 g\u00fcn 6 gece s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. 7\u2019inci g\u00fcn gemi Nizir Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na oturuyor. Sular\u0131n \u00e7ekildi\u011fi ku\u015flar g\u00f6nderilerek anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Gemiden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca Utnapi\u015ftim kurbanlar kesiyor. Onlar\u0131n kokusunu duyan Tanr\u0131lar \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Tanr\u0131lar Utnapi\u015ftim\u2019e \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck vererek Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde oturtuluyor.<\/p>\n
Bu hikaye ge\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011fda Sami olan Akat dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131n daha erken \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ait bu hikayenin S\u00fcmercesi bulundu. Tablet \u00e7ok k\u0131r\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bir tufan yapmaya karar verdi\u011fi, bu karar\u0131 Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Enki\u2019nin duvar arkas\u0131ndan Utnapi\u015ftim\u2019in S\u00fcmerce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zinusudra\u2019ya bildirdi\u011fi, Tufan\u2019\u0131n 7 g\u00fcn 7 gece s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bitti\u011finde Zinusudra\u2019n\u0131n kurbanlar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Tufan hikayesinin S\u00fcmerlilerde yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, onlardan Akad\u2019lar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlardan da Tevrat\u2019a, arkadan Kuran\u2019a ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer\u2019de vaktiyle insanlar\u0131n tek dilde konu\u015ftu\u011fu, fakat Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131zarak onu bozdu\u011fu ve insanlar\u0131n dillerini kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131.
Bu konu Tevrat\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi Kuran\u2019da da var. Bunun izini 2 ayette buluyoruz.<\/p>\n
Birincisi: Hud: 118-119<\/p>\n
Rab\u2019\u0131n dileseydi b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 bir tek millet yapard\u0131, onlar ihtilafa d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam edecekler. Zaten Rab onlar\u0131 bunun i\u00e7in (dala\u015fs\u0131nlar diye) yaratt\u0131.
Rab\u2019\u0131n \u201c Andolsun ki cehennemi t\u00fcm insanlar ve cinlerle dolduraca\u011f\u0131m \u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc yerini buldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130kincisi: Maide 5: 48<\/p>\n
(Ey \u00dcmmetler!) Her birinize bir yol ve \u015feriat verdik. Allah dileseydi sizleri bir tek \u00fcmmet yapard\u0131. Fakat size verdi\u011finde (yol ve \u015feriatta) sizi denemek i\u00e7in (b\u00f6yle yapt\u0131). \u00d6yle ise birbirinizle yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n, hepinizin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Allah\u2019ad\u0131r. \u00dczerinde ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcklerinizi o haber verecektir.<\/p>\n
Ey\u00fcp Peygamberin sabr\u0131 ve \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmesi konusu Tevrat\u2019ta 1040 sat\u0131rl\u0131k \u015fiir halinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,
S\u00fcmer\u2019de de \u201c\u0130nsan ve onun Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiir ayn\u0131 konuyu kaps\u0131yor, \u00e7e\u015fitli felaketlere u\u011frayan bir adam sab\u0131r ederek Tanr\u0131lara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dualar ve yakar\u0131\u015flarla bunlardan kurtuluyor, eski sa\u011fl\u0131k ve zenginli\u011fine kavu\u015fuyor. (4)<\/p>\n
\u0130lgin\u00e7 olan\u0131 1846\u2019da bir Amerikal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan bir kitapta, Tevrat\u2019taki bu \u015fiirin Musevilere ait olamayaca\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fka bir dilden aktarm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazmas\u0131. En az y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra bunun S\u00fcmerlilerden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tland\u0131. (5)<\/p>\n
Kuran\u2019da bu konu 2 sure i\u00e7inde 15 ayette (Enbiya: 81-94, Sad: 41-44) k\u0131sa olarak yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, dert ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclerin sab\u0131r ve Allah\u2019a dua ile giderilece\u011fi, eski varl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fulaca\u011f\u0131 bildiriliyor.<\/p>\n
Sular\u0131n kan olmas\u0131: Tevrat \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f- Bab 7: 14-25\u2019de Musa sular\u0131 kana \u00e7eviriyor.<\/p>\n
Bu Kuran\u2019da \u2013 Araf, 132-133 ayetlerinde \u201c ..Su bask\u0131n\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ekirgeyi, kurba\u011fay\u0131, ve kan\u0131 her birini ayr\u0131 mucizeler olarak onlara musallat ettik.\u201d deniyor. Bu da S\u00fcmer\u2019in a\u015fk Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130nanna\u2019n\u0131n, kendisine tecav\u00fcz eden bah\u00e7\u0131vana k\u0131zarak \u00fclkesinin sular\u0131n\u0131 kana \u00e7evirmesine paralel. (6)<\/p>\n
Kuran \u2013 Bakara, 102: Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Harut Marut meleklerine ait hadislerde yaz\u0131lan hikayelere g\u00f6re bunlar, S\u00fcmer\u2019lilerin Ven\u00fcs y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 simgeleyen A\u015fk Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7oban Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dumuzi ile \u00e7ift\u00e7i Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Enkidu\u2019nun bir devam\u0131d\u0131r. (7)<\/p>\n
Tevrat\u2019taki S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n \u015eark\u0131lar \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki \u015fiirlerin S\u00fcmer\u2019de yeni y\u0131l bayramlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan kutsal evlenme t\u00f6renindeki \u015fark\u0131lara paralel oldu\u011fu hatta bir\u00e7ok sat\u0131rlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu saptand\u0131. (8)<\/p>\n
Tevrat \u2013 Tekvin, 12\u2019de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130brahim Peygamber kar\u0131s\u0131 ile M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gidiyor. Kar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fczel oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in onu al\u0131p kendisini \u00f6ld\u00fcrecekler korkusu ile \u0130brahim, kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131z karde\u015fi olarak tan\u0131t\u0131yor. Firavun onu kar\u0131l\u0131\u011fa al\u0131yor, fakat saraya gelen felaketlerin kad\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcnden oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenen Firavun kad\u0131n\u0131 bir cariye ile geri veriyor. Ayr\u0131ca s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015flerle \u0130brahim\u2019i zengin olarak \u00fclkesine g\u00f6nderiyor.<\/p>\n
Bu hikayede \u0130brahim neden kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z karde\u015fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor? Neden onu krala veriyor? Neden bunun i\u00e7in \u0130brahim cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yerde Firavun cezalan\u0131yor? Neden Firavun \u0130brahim\u2019i zengin yap\u0131yor? .. sorular\u0131na y\u00fcz y\u0131llar boyunca Tevrat ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 cevap bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130srail\u2019de Kumran ma\u011faralar\u0131nda \u0130sa zaman\u0131na yak\u0131n tarihlenebilen tomar halinde \u0130branice ve Aramica yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinler bulundu. Deri \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat samanla \u00e7ok y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f metinlerin \u00e7evirilerini bilim adamlar\u0131 zorlukla da olsa yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015fte bu belgelerden birinde bu hikayenin daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.(9) Buna g\u00f6re asl\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir olay olmam\u0131\u015f. \u0130sraillilerin, S\u00fcmer\u2019in Kutsal Evlenme Efsanesi\u2019nden \u00e7e\u015fitli motifleri alarak bu hikayeyi meydana getirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.(10)<\/p>\n
Muazzez \u0130lmiye C\u0131\u011f
\u00c7ivi Yaz\u0131lar\u0131 Uzman\u0131, \u0130stanbul<\/p>\n
D\u0130PNOTLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n1 – S\u00fcmerliler ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri hakk\u0131nda daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in:
Samuel Noah Kramer, History Begins at Sumer, Tarih S\u00fcmer\u2019de Ba\u015flar, \u00c7eviren: Muazzez \u0130lmiye
\u00c7\u0131\u011f, Ankara 1990;
Samuel Noah Kramer, The S\u00fcmerian, Their History, Culture and Character, Chicago 1963;
Hartmut Schm\u00f6kel, Das Land Sumer, Almanya 1955;
C. Leonard Wooley, The Sumerian, New York 1965.
2 – Yaz\u0131lan bu konular\u0131n geni\u015f olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in :
Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, Kuran, \u0130ncil ve Tevrat\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcmer\u2019deki K\u00f6keni, 2. Bask\u0131 ,Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 –
\u0130stanbul 1996.
3 – Bu konu \u0130brahim Peygamberle ilgili yeni yay\u0131nlanacak kitab\u0131mda ve Bilim ve \u00dctopya Dergisi, 1997
Mart say\u0131s\u0131nda geni\u015f olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
4 – Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, Tevrat, \u0130ncil, Kuran\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcmer\u2019deki K\u00f6keni, s. 56 – S\u00fcmer \u015fiiri ile
kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.
5 – Robert Cooper, The inquirer\u2019s Text Book, Being Substance of Thirteen Lectures on the Bibel,
Boston 1846 p. 110.
6 – Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, Tevrat, \u0130ncil, Kuran\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcmerdeki K\u00f6keni, s. 47 – S\u00fcmer \u015fiirinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.
7 – Daha geni\u015f kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in Bilim ve \u00dctopya Dergisi, 1996 Ekim, Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, Kuran\u2019daki
Harut Marut Meleklerinin S\u00fcmer\u2019deki K\u00f6keni s. 34.
8 – Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, Tevrat, \u0130ncil ve Kuran\u0131n S\u00fcmerdeki K\u00f6keni, s. 62 – kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131
g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
9 – Y\u0131gael Yad\u0131m, Message of the Scrolle, Newyork 1962, P. 145 vol.
10 – Bu konu a\u00e7\u0131k ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak Bilim ve \u00dctopya, Mart 1997\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131.
Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f, \u0130brahim Peygamber, \u0130stanbul, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 1997, s. 87. Ayr\u0131ca,
yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olan \u201c\u0130brahim Peygamber, S\u00fcmer Yaz\u0131lar\u0131na ve Arkeolojik Buluntulara G\u00f6re\u201d,\u0130stanbul, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 1997, kitab\u0131mda bulunur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bu geni\u015f konuyu k\u0131sa s\u00fcreye s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmak olanaks\u0131z. Elden geldi\u011fince \u00f6zetleyerek genel bir bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.Kimdi bu S\u00fcmerliler? Ne yapm\u0131\u015flar? Kendilerinden y\u00fczlerce sene sonra gelenleri nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015flerdir?S\u00fcmerliler bundan hemen hemen 6000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Mezopotamya\u2019ya gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015fler ve orada izleri zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar ula\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015fu tekerlek ve dillerine g\u00f6re bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-730","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-din"},"yoast_head":"\n
S\u00fcmer dini efsanelerinden tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler ve din kitaplar\u0131na gelen etkiler | M.\u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/19\/sumer-dini-efsanelerinden-tek-tanrili-dinler-ve-din-kitaplarina-gelen-etkiler-milmiye-cig\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00fcmer dini efsanelerinden tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler ve din kitaplar\u0131na gelen etkiler | M.\u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu geni\u015f konuyu k\u0131sa s\u00fcreye s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmak olanaks\u0131z. Elden geldi\u011fince \u00f6zetleyerek genel bir bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.Kimdi bu S\u00fcmerliler? 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