{"id":746,"date":"2009-11-01T16:40:53","date_gmt":"2009-11-01T13:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/11\/01\/actuel-and-virtual-gilles-deleuze\/"},"modified":"2009-11-01T16:40:53","modified_gmt":"2009-11-01T13:40:53","slug":"actuel-and-virtual-gilles-deleuze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/11\/01\/actuel-and-virtual-gilles-deleuze\/","title":{"rendered":"Actuel and Virtual | Gilles Deleuze"},"content":{"rendered":"

Felsefe \u00e7okluklar\u0131n teorisidir. Her \u00e7okluk, ger\u00e7ek (actuel) par\u00e7alar ve sanal (virtual) par\u00e7alar ima eder. Kat\u0131ks\u0131z ger\u00e7ek nesne yoktur. Her ger\u00e7eklik kendini bir sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler sisi ile \u00e7evreler. Bu sis, sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerin \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fczerinde i\u015fledikleri, az ya da \u00e7ok yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fzamanl\u0131 var olan devrelerden y\u00fckselir. B\u00f6ylece bir ger\u00e7ek par\u00e7ac\u0131k, farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden, birbirine az ya da \u00e7ok yak\u0131n sanall\u0131klar\u0131 yayar ve emer. Bunlara, emilmeleri ve yay\u0131lmalar\u0131, yarat\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve imhalar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u00fcre\u011fen zamandan daha ufak bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, sanal s\u0131fat\u0131 verilmektedir; ki bu k\u0131sa s\u00fcrelik de onlar\u0131 b\u00f6ylece, bir karars\u0131zl\u0131k ve belirlenmezlik ilkesi alt\u0131nda tutar. Her ger\u00e7eklik kendini, her biri bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 yayan, ve hepsi o ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi saran ve ondan tepkiyen, s\u00fcrekli yenilenen sanall\u0131k halkalar\u0131 ile \u00e7evreler (\u201cSanal bulutunun merkezinde, bir \u00fcst d\u00fczenden bir sanal daha vard\u0131r…<\/p>\n

her sanal par\u00e7ac\u0131k kendini, kendi sanal alemiyle \u00e7evreler, ve hepsi de s\u0131ras\u0131nca bunu tekrar eder, s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n\u201d). Dinamiklerin dramatik benzerlikleri sayesinde, bir alg\u0131 ayn\u0131 bir pa\u00e7ac\u0131k gibidir: bir ger\u00e7ek alg\u0131 kendini giderek daha uzaklardaki ve s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte olan hareketli devreler \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan, imal ve imha edilen, bir sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler bulutu ile \u00e7evreler. Bunlar farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlerin bellekleridir: bunlara, h\u0131zlar\u0131 veya k\u0131sa s\u00fcrelilikleri onlar\u0131 burada bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olma ilkesi alt\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, \u2018sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler art\u0131k ger\u00e7ek nesnelerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaz, ger\u00e7ek nesnelerin sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi. Sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler, buna g\u00f6re, ger\u00e7ek olan \u00fczerinden tepkirler. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, t\u00fcm halkalarda ya da her bir halkada bir s\u00fcreklilik (continuum) takip ederler, yani d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir en b\u00fcy\u00fck zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f bir mekansall\u0131k (spatium). Ger\u00e7ek nesnenin az ya da \u00e7ok derin katmanlar\u0131, sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerin az ya da \u00e7ok yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halkalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Bu katmanlar nesnenin etki g\u00fcc\u00fc toplam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur; kendileri sanald\u0131r ve onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ek nesne de sanal hale gelir. Burada nesne de, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm de sanald\u0131r ve birlikte ger\u00e7ek nesnenin i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7kinlik d\u00fczlemini (plain of immance) olu\u015ftururlar. Fakat bunun ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek olan, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc de nesneyi etkiledi\u011fi kadar etkileyen bir ger\u00e7ek olma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015ftir. Zaman\u0131n d\u00fczenli ya da d\u00fczensiz yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimleri ard\u0131ndan, sanal nesnenin etki g\u00fcc\u00fc toplam\u0131, k\u0131smi s\u00fcreklili\u011fe ko\u015fut kuvvetlere ve kesilmi\u015f mekansall\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fan h\u0131zlara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Sanal olan hi\u00e7bir zaman onu i\u00e7kinlik d\u00fczlemi i\u00e7inde kesip b\u00f6len tekilliklerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir. Leibniz\u2019in g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, kuvvet ger\u00e7ek-le\u015fme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde olan bir sanall\u0131kt\u0131r, en az\u0131ndan i\u00e7inde hareket etti\u011fi mekan kadar. S\u00fcreklilikteki kesilmelerin ve sanall\u0131klar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faretleyen etki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerinin ard\u0131ndan alan, b\u00f6ylece, bir alanlar \u00e7oklu\u011funa b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fczlemler toplamda bir tanedir, sanal olana do\u011fru giden patikada. Daima varl\u0131k d\u00fczlemi hem sanal olan\u0131, hem de onun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini (actualization) kapsar, aralar\u0131na bir s\u0131n\u0131r zorlanmas\u0131na imkan olmadan. Ger\u00e7ek olan tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ya da \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ger\u00e7ek olma s\u00fcrecinin nesnesi, fakat bu s\u00fcrecin tek \u00f6znesi sanal oland\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme s\u00fcreci tekil oland\u0131r, halbuki ger\u00e7ek olan d\u00fczlemden bir meyve gibi d\u00fc\u015fer, halbuki ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme s\u00fcreci onu d\u00fczleme nesneyi tekrar \u00f6zneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren olarak ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n

2<\/p>\n

Buraya kadar bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin kendisini; di\u011fer, artan bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, uzaklardaki ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sanall\u0131klarla \u00e7evreledi\u011fi durumu ele ald\u0131m: bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k, k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bir varl\u0131k yarat\u0131r; bir alg\u0131, hat\u0131ralar an\u0131msat\u0131r. Fakat ters y\u00f6ndeki hareket de kendini bize dayat\u0131r: k\u0131saca, \u00e7emberler darald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve sanal-olan ger\u00e7ek-olana yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, giderek ondan daha zor ay\u0131rtedilebilir hale geldi\u011finde. Giderek ger\u00e7ek nesne ile onun sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bir araya getiren bir i\u00e7 devreye ula\u015f\u0131r; bir ger\u00e7ek par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendi sanal e\u015fi vard\u0131r, bir t\u00fcr an\u0131nda olu\u015fan ikiz gibi, ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k hatta belki de e\u015f zamanl\u0131. Ne de olsa, Henri Bergson\u2019un g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, bellek alg\u0131lanan nesne \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenen bir ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ek alg\u0131 ile e\u015f zamanl\u0131 varolan sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bellek, ger\u00e7ek nesne ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmd\u00fcr, ger\u00e7ek nesnenin e\u015fi \u201caynadaki yans\u0131mas\u0131\u201d. B\u00f6ylelikle birle\u015fme vard\u0131r ve de b\u00f6l\u00fcnme, daha do\u011frusu bir sal\u0131n\u0131m, ger\u00e7ek nesne ve sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131nda ebedi bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f. Sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekten hi\u00e7bir zaman vazge\u00e7mez, karakteri yakalayan bir ayna gibi, onu yutan ve geriye bir sanall\u0131ktan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey b\u0131rakmayan , ayn\u0131 Orson Welles\u2019in 1948 tarihli filmi \u015eanghay\u2019l\u0131 Kad\u0131n\u2019daki gibi. Sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm karakterin ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc emer; ayn\u0131 zamanda da , ger\u00e7ek karakter sanall\u0131ktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Sanal-olan ve ger\u00e7ek-olan aras\u0131ndaki bu ebedi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f bir kristal tan\u0131mlar. Kristaller i\u00e7kinlik d\u00fczleminde belirir. Ger\u00e7ek-olan ve sanal-olan birlikte vard\u0131rlar ve bizi s\u00fcrekli birinden di\u011ferine g\u00f6t\u00fcren dar bir devre i\u00e7ine girerler. Bu art\u0131k bir tekille\u015fme (singularization) de\u011fildir, bir bireyle\u015fmedir (invididuation) topyek\u00fcn s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak, ger\u00e7ek, ger\u00e7ek-olan ve onun sanal\u0131. Art\u0131k kendini ger\u00e7ek-le\u015fme de\u011fil bir kristalle\u015fmedir. Saf sanall\u0131k art\u0131k kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015f-le\u015ftirmek zorunda de\u011fildir, birlikte en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devreyi olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek-olan ile s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7inde olal\u0131 beri. Art\u0131k ger\u00e7ek-olan ile sanal-olan aras\u0131nda bir tayin edilemezlik sorunu yoktur, ama al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f i\u00e7indeki bu ikisi i\u00e7in bir ay\u0131rtedilemezlik s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek nesne ve sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm, sanalla\u015fan nesne ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm \u2013bu durumlar \u00e7oktan temel optikte kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat her hal\u00fckarda ger\u00e7ek ve sanal aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m zamandaki en temel b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye denk d\u00fc\u015fer, onun kendini iki koca yol \u00fczerinden ilerleyerek farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ile, \u015fimdiki an\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamak ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fi muhafaza etmek. \u015eimdiki zaman, s\u00fcre\u011fen zaman ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011fi\u015fken bir veridir, yani, \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f tek y\u00f6ndeki bir hareket ile: \u015fimdiki an, bu zaman\u0131n t\u00fckendi\u011fi oranda ge\u00e7er. Ge\u00e7mekte olan \u015fimdiki an ger\u00e7ek-olan\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Fakat sanal-olan, kendi pay\u0131nca, tek y\u00f6nde olan hareketi \u00f6l\u00e7ecek en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha k\u0131sa bir zamanda belirir. \u0130\u015fte bundan dolay\u0131, sanal-olan \u201cge\u00e7icidir\u201d. Fakat sanal-olanda da ge\u00e7mi\u015f muhafaza edilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ge\u00e7ici-olan bir sonraki \u201cen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck zaman\u201d da yok olmaz, ki bu da y\u00f6ndeki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe i\u015faret etmektedir. Bir y\u00f6ndeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck zaman bir yandan da en uzun zamand\u0131r, her y\u00f6nde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcre\u011fen zamandan daha uzun. \u015eimdiki zaman ge\u00e7meye devam ederken (kendi \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde) ge\u00e7ici-olan muhafaza eder ve kendini de muhafaza eder (kendi \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde). Sanall\u0131klar onlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin hemen \u00fczerinde ileti\u015fim halindedirler. Zaman\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 cephesi, ge\u00e7mekte olan \u015fimdiki zaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, her ne kadar tayin edilemez s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olsa da, kristalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde biri di\u011ferinin rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstelenmek yoluyla, ay\u0131rtedilemezlik noktas\u0131na kadar al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f i\u00e7inde olsalar dahi, ger\u00e7ek-le\u015fme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7erisinde se\u00e7ilebilir hale gelirler.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme (actual) sanal (virtual) aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki her zaman bir devre meydana getirir, bu iki \u015fekilde olu\u015fur, kimi zaman ger\u00e7ek, sanall\u0131klara \u00e7ok geni\u015f devreler i\u00e7inde yer alan ba\u015fka \u015feylere de\u011findi\u011fi gibi de\u011finir, ki bu durumda sanal ger\u00e7ek-le\u015fir; kimi zaman da ger\u00e7ek, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devreler i\u00e7erisinde sanal-olana kendi sanal\u0131 olarak de\u011finir, ki bu durumda da sanal, ger\u00e7ek-olan ile birlikte kristalle\u015fir. \u0130\u00e7kinlik d\u00fczlemi, ger\u00e7ek-le\u015fme s\u00fcrecini, sanal ile di\u011fer terimlerin ili\u015fkisi olarak i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r ve hatta, sanal\u0131n al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu terim olarak ger\u00e7e\u011fi de bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r i\u00e7inde. Hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda ger\u00e7ekle sanal\u0131n ili\u015fkisi iki ger\u00e7eklik aras\u0131nda kurulamaz. Ger\u00e7eklikler \u00e7oktan belirlenmi\u015f bireyler ve alalede noktalar \u00fczerinden tespitler ima eder, halbuki ger\u00e7ek ile sanal aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, bir bir her ko\u015ful i\u00e7in tespit edilecek olan, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme halinde (in actu) bir bireyle\u015fme meydana getirir, ya da fevkalade noktalara \u00fczerinden bir tekille\u015fme.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ev: Yi\u011fit Adam, Ankara Mimarlar Odas\u0131 Teknik B\u00fclteni – 2<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Felsefe \u00e7okluklar\u0131n teorisidir. Her \u00e7okluk, ger\u00e7ek (actuel) par\u00e7alar ve sanal (virtual) par\u00e7alar ima eder. Kat\u0131ks\u0131z ger\u00e7ek nesne yoktur. Her ger\u00e7eklik kendini bir sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler sisi ile \u00e7evreler. Bu sis, sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerin \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fczerinde i\u015fledikleri, az ya da \u00e7ok yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fzamanl\u0131 var olan devrelerden y\u00fckselir. B\u00f6ylece bir ger\u00e7ek par\u00e7ac\u0131k, farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden, birbirine az ya da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-746","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-gilles-deleuze"},"yoast_head":"\nActuel and Virtual | Gilles Deleuze - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/11\/01\/actuel-and-virtual-gilles-deleuze\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Actuel and Virtual | Gilles Deleuze\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Felsefe \u00e7okluklar\u0131n teorisidir. Her \u00e7okluk, ger\u00e7ek (actuel) par\u00e7alar ve sanal (virtual) par\u00e7alar ima eder. Kat\u0131ks\u0131z ger\u00e7ek nesne yoktur. Her ger\u00e7eklik kendini bir sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler sisi ile \u00e7evreler. Bu sis, sanal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerin \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fczerinde i\u015fledikleri, az ya da \u00e7ok yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fzamanl\u0131 var olan devrelerden y\u00fckselir. 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